![]() ![]() Liver organoids derived from normal livers and diseased livers have also been reported. Research groups have successfully generated liver organoids in biomatrix gel from human fetal liver progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and pluripotent stem cells (PSC), endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Liver organoids have emerged as versatile and helpful tools to elucidate the normal and abnormal development of liver in healthy and disease conditions. Versatile organoid culturing techniques have been developed to generate organoids with destined phenotype and controlled morphology to uncover the development of human-specific organs. The organoid culturing system contains different components including essential nutrients for supporting cell growth/proliferation, growth factors for inducing specific cell differentiation, and biomaterials for providing mechanical support and biochemical environment. Organoids have been employed as a novel tool to study the development of various organs and tissues including brain, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, pancreas, and kidney. Organoids hold great promise for disease modelling, drug screening, cancer mechanism investigation, and regenerative medicine. Here, we review the current liver organoid systems, focusing on the construction of the liver organoid system with various cell sources, the roles of growth factors for engineering liver organoids, as well as the recent advances in the bioengineering liver organoid disease models and their biomedical applications.Īn organoid is an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized and simplified version of an organ that shows realistic micro-anatomy to partially mimic the structure and function of a native organ. ![]() However, a comprehensive review on the recent advancement in the bioengineering liver organoid is still lacking. Recent advances in stem-cell-, biomaterial- and engineering-based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of a more sophisticated liver organoid culture resembling a near to native mini-liver in a dish. However, to recapitulate the physiological properties and the architecture of a native liver, one has to generate liver organoids that contain all the major liver cell types in correct proportions and relative 3D locations as found in a native liver. Advances in the identification of essential factors including physical cues and biochemical signals for controlling organoid development have contributed to the success of growing liver organoids from liver tissue and stem/progenitor cells. The easiest video editor for all creators.Organoids as three-dimension (3D) cellular organizations partially mimic the physiological functions and micro-architecture of native tissues and organs, holding great potential for clinical applications. Outlook PST Converter to safely export Outlook PST into multiple file formats ![]() The secure and reliable utility to convert and migrate the OFT file data.īlock the access to adult-oriented websitesĪ secure and Powerful Utility to backup 30+ email programs and mailbox formats.Īn exclusive and advanced utility to split large-sized OLM files. TmsINTRANET is a web-based application that facilitates communication, business processes and collaboration among employees and partners from different geographic locations.Ī highly demanding and exclusive utility to convert Outlook OST to PST format. Live Support Software, Flash Live Chat Client Edit existing webpages and change images very easy within your web browserĪn application that helps you find open SMB shared resources in the Internet. ![]()
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